Difference between revisions of "2/28th Australian Infantry Battalion"
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| − | With the Italians driven back beyond Benghazi, the 9th Division relieved the 6th Division, and the 2/28th Battalion moved to Tobruk to complete their training and to provide support for the 9th Division. When the German attack on Tobruk commenced, the 2/28th were manning the western perimeter defences and turned back | + | With the Italians driven back beyond Benghazi, the 9th Division relieved the 6th Division, and the 2/28th Battalion moved from Khassa Camp in Palestine by road and train to Tobruk in late March 1941 to complete their training and to provide support for the 9th Division. When the German attack on Tobruk commenced, the 2/28th were manning the western perimeter defences and turned back the first attacking forces. Over time they rotated through all the positions before being relieved on 23 Sep 1941, sailing to Alexandria aboard ''HMS Lantona'', ''HMS Griffin'', ''HMS Jervis'' and ''HMS Kimberley''. From here they transferred to Kilo 89 in Palestine, and from there to Haret Jedide, Syria and then Lebanon to rest and rebuild while performing Garrison duties. The German advance reached El Alamein by July and the 9th Division was rushed to the Alamein "box", and held the northern, coastal sector for four months until the British Army could be reinforced to undertake an offensive of their own. The 2/28th had initially been left in Alexandria to defend it, and so it was 10 July before they arrived at El Alamein. On the night of 26/27 July the 2/28th attacked Ruin Ridge and within an hour were on the feature, but being attacked by Germans to their rear. Cut off without ammunition resupply, and with British attempts to reach them defeated, they were then attacked by German tanks from three directions, and it was obvious that they could not hold out. Once 'A' Company was overrun the battalion's commander had no choice but to surrender. Rounded up, they were then marched through the British artillery barrage which caused further casualties. Sixty five soldiers were killed, nearly 500 were captured, and only 92 remained to be withdrawn and the unit rebuilt, yet they were back in action by September. |
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| − | The battalion was re-organised for jungle warfare, and was sent to New Guinea to participate in the landing at Red Beach, north west of Lae in September. With the fall of Lae, a landing was made north of Finschhafen, and on 14 October the 2/ | + | The battalion was re-organised and trained for jungle warfare, and was sent to New Guinea to participate in the landing at Red Beach, north west of Lae in September. With the fall of Lae, a landing was made north of Finschhafen, and on 14 October the 2/28th arrived at Scarlet Beach several days before the strong Japanese counter attack which was repulsed. Moving inland, the 2/28th captured Pino and Pabu before following the coast to capture Guiska. The battalion spent Christmas 1943 at Wareo before returning to Australia in late January 1944. |
| − | In Australia they gathered at Ravenshoe in North Queensland and underwent a lengthy period of training before travelling to Morotai in April 1945. Morotai was a staging post for the amphibious landings on the island of Borneo, with the 24th Brigade (included 2/28th Battalion) landing on what was known as "Brown Beach" on Labuan island on 10 June. It took the 2/28th and 2/43rd Battalions 11 days to clear | + | In Australia they gathered at Ravenshoe in North Queensland and underwent a lengthy period of training before travelling to Morotai in April 1945. Morotai was a staging post for the amphibious landings on the island of Borneo, with the 24th Brigade (included 2/28th Battalion) landing on what was known as "Brown Beach" on Labuan island on 10 June. It took the 2/28th and 2/43rd Battalions 11 days to clear the island with most resistance coming from an area known as the "Pocket". The 2/28th then moved to Beaufort, spending the final days of the war patrolling the surrounding area. |
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====Battalion personnel==== | ====Battalion personnel==== | ||
| − | * [[Harold Baldwin]] | + | * [[Harold Baldwin]] 11 Jun 1944 - 26 Dec 1945 |
* † [[George Brushmeyer]] ??? - 16 Oct 1943 - DOW New Guinea | * † [[George Brushmeyer]] ??? - 16 Oct 1943 - DOW New Guinea | ||
* [[Joseph James Burrows]] 18 Nov 1941 - 27 Jul 1942 - POW Ruin Ridge | * [[Joseph James Burrows]] 18 Nov 1941 - 27 Jul 1942 - POW Ruin Ridge | ||
* [[Albert William Chadwick]] 5 Sep 1940 - 11 Apr 1943 | * [[Albert William Chadwick]] 5 Sep 1940 - 11 Apr 1943 | ||
* [[Herbert James Collier]] 15 Aug 1940 - 27 Jul 1942 - POW Ruin Ridge | * [[Herbert James Collier]] 15 Aug 1940 - 27 Jul 1942 - POW Ruin Ridge | ||
| − | * [[Robert Gale]] | + | * [[Ashley Claude George Moseley Cordy]] 5 Sep 1940 - 16 Feb 1941 |
| − | * [[Charles Henry Walter Hansen]] WIA | + | * [[Robert Gale]] 15 Aug 1940 - 2 Jan 1941 |
| − | * [[Stanley Rudolph Jarvis]] POW | + | * [[Charles Henry Walter Hansen]] 6 Sep 1940 - 6 Dec 1941 WIA Tobruk |
| + | * [[Stanley Rudolph Jarvis]] 27 Apr 1942 - 27 Jul 1942 POW Ruin Ridge | ||
* † [[John Hector Russell MacDonald]] ??? - 18 Jul 1942 - KIA 18 Jul 1942 | * † [[John Hector Russell MacDonald]] ??? - 18 Jul 1942 - KIA 18 Jul 1942 | ||
* [[Robert Archibald Edwin Mack]] | * [[Robert Archibald Edwin Mack]] | ||
| − | * [[Lawrence Gerald McDonough]] | + | * [[Lawrence Gerald McDonough]] 5 Nov 1942 - 30 May 1943 & 15 May - 27 Oct 1944 |
| − | * [[Stanton Edward McKenna]] POW | + | * [[Stanton Edward McKenna]] 23 Aug 1941 - 27 Jul 1942 - POW |
| − | * † [[Andrew McKenzie]] | + | * † [[Andrew McKenzie]] 22 May - 27 Jul 1942 - POW Ruin Ridge - Died in captivity 17 Aug 1942 |
| − | * [[Victor Henry Mead]] | + | * [[Victor Henry Mead]] WIA 18 Nov 1941 - 9 Sep 1942 |
| − | * [[Thomas Stanley O'Meagher]] WIA x 2 | + | * [[Thomas Stanley O'Meagher]] 23 May 1942 - 26 Oct 1945 - WIA x 2 |
| − | * [[Walter Vivian Ernest Peters]] | + | * [[Walter Vivian Ernest Peters]] 4 Oct 1941 - 19 Oct 1943 B Company |
| − | * [[Frederick Joseph Powell]] | + | * [[Frederick Joseph Powell]] 5 Nov 1942 - 25 Oct 1943 - WIA x 2 |
| − | * [[George Lawrance Pryor]] | + | * [[George Lawrance Pryor]] ?? - Mar 1942 |
| − | * [[John Peter Lewis Rymer]] | + | * [[John Peter Lewis Rymer]] 15 Aug 1940 - 23 May 1943 & 9 Nov 1943 - 20 Sep 1944 - WIA Ruin Ridge |
| − | * [[Edward Arthur Sewell]] | + | * [[Edward Arthur Sewell]] 5 May 1942 - 16 Oct 1945 |
| − | * † [[David John Sexty]] | + | * † [[David John Sexty]] 25 Jul 1940 - 3 Aug 1941 - KIA Tobruk |
| − | * [[Norman Rees Willacott MID]] | + | * [[Douglas Edward Cleave Steer]] 15 Aug 1940 - 16 Feb 1941 & 21 Jul - 15 Oct 1941 |
| + | * [[James Gordon (Jock) Wheeler]] 1 Jan - 22 Jun 1943 | ||
| + | * [[Norman Rees Willacott MID]] 19 Jul 1941 - 27 Jul 1942 - POW Ruin Ridge | ||
===Battle Honours=== | ===Battle Honours=== | ||
Latest revision as of 23:51, 9 May 2024
 Beaufort. Borneo 27 Jun 1945. Members of the 2/28 Infantry Battalion using a hand railway trolley to move heavy gear to their new position AWM photo 110707. | |
 25 Jun 1943 The 2/28th practice a beach landing with the US 532nd Engineer Boat & Shore Regiment. AWM photo 052924 | |
Contents
Brief History
The 2/28 Aust Infantry battalion was raised in Melville in July 1940 as part of the 24th Aust Infantry Brigade, 9th Infantry Division, and it moved to Northam in September to undergo training. The other two battalions of the brigade were already in England, and the 2/28th joined up with them in Khassa, Palestine in February 1941 having left Fremantle in January.
With the Italians driven back beyond Benghazi, the 9th Division relieved the 6th Division, and the 2/28th Battalion moved from Khassa Camp in Palestine by road and train to Tobruk in late March 1941 to complete their training and to provide support for the 9th Division. When the German attack on Tobruk commenced, the 2/28th were manning the western perimeter defences and turned back the first attacking forces. Over time they rotated through all the positions before being relieved on 23 Sep 1941, sailing to Alexandria aboard HMS Lantona, HMS Griffin, HMS Jervis and HMS Kimberley. From here they transferred to Kilo 89 in Palestine, and from there to Haret Jedide, Syria and then Lebanon to rest and rebuild while performing Garrison duties. The German advance reached El Alamein by July and the 9th Division was rushed to the Alamein "box", and held the northern, coastal sector for four months until the British Army could be reinforced to undertake an offensive of their own. The 2/28th had initially been left in Alexandria to defend it, and so it was 10 July before they arrived at El Alamein. On the night of 26/27 July the 2/28th attacked Ruin Ridge and within an hour were on the feature, but being attacked by Germans to their rear. Cut off without ammunition resupply, and with British attempts to reach them defeated, they were then attacked by German tanks from three directions, and it was obvious that they could not hold out. Once 'A' Company was overrun the battalion's commander had no choice but to surrender. Rounded up, they were then marched through the British artillery barrage which caused further casualties. Sixty five soldiers were killed, nearly 500 were captured, and only 92 remained to be withdrawn and the unit rebuilt, yet they were back in action by September.
When the major British offensive began on 23 October, the 2/28th was in reserve, and was not committed to the battle until the night of 31 October when the 24th Brigade replaced the 26th Brigade in the "Saucer" where heavy fighting occurred. By 6 November enemy forces were retreating, but rather than be involved in the follow up, the 2/28 as withdrawn, sent to Gaza in Palestine prior to moving to the Suez Canal and ships for home, arriving in Fremantle on 18 Feb 1943.
The battalion was re-organised and trained for jungle warfare, and was sent to New Guinea to participate in the landing at Red Beach, north west of Lae in September. With the fall of Lae, a landing was made north of Finschhafen, and on 14 October the 2/28th arrived at Scarlet Beach several days before the strong Japanese counter attack which was repulsed. Moving inland, the 2/28th captured Pino and Pabu before following the coast to capture Guiska. The battalion spent Christmas 1943 at Wareo before returning to Australia in late January 1944.
In Australia they gathered at Ravenshoe in North Queensland and underwent a lengthy period of training before travelling to Morotai in April 1945. Morotai was a staging post for the amphibious landings on the island of Borneo, with the 24th Brigade (included 2/28th Battalion) landing on what was known as "Brown Beach" on Labuan island on 10 June. It took the 2/28th and 2/43rd Battalions 11 days to clear the island with most resistance coming from an area known as the "Pocket". The 2/28th then moved to Beaufort, spending the final days of the war patrolling the surrounding area.
Following the end of the war and Japan's surrender, the ranks of the 2/28th thinned, as men were discharged, transferred, or volunteered for the occupation force for Japan. They returned to Australia in January 1946, where the 2/28th was disbanded. Two men were captured in Malaya by the Japanese, and 269 others died while members of the unit.
Battalion personnel
- Harold Baldwin 11 Jun 1944 - 26 Dec 1945
- † George Brushmeyer ??? - 16 Oct 1943 - DOW New Guinea
- Joseph James Burrows 18 Nov 1941 - 27 Jul 1942 - POW Ruin Ridge
- Albert William Chadwick 5 Sep 1940 - 11 Apr 1943
- Herbert James Collier 15 Aug 1940 - 27 Jul 1942 - POW Ruin Ridge
- Ashley Claude George Moseley Cordy 5 Sep 1940 - 16 Feb 1941
- Robert Gale 15 Aug 1940 - 2 Jan 1941
- Charles Henry Walter Hansen 6 Sep 1940 - 6 Dec 1941 WIA Tobruk
- Stanley Rudolph Jarvis 27 Apr 1942 - 27 Jul 1942 POW Ruin Ridge
- † John Hector Russell MacDonald ??? - 18 Jul 1942 - KIA 18 Jul 1942
- Robert Archibald Edwin Mack
- Lawrence Gerald McDonough 5 Nov 1942 - 30 May 1943 & 15 May - 27 Oct 1944
- Stanton Edward McKenna 23 Aug 1941 - 27 Jul 1942 - POW
- † Andrew McKenzie 22 May - 27 Jul 1942 - POW Ruin Ridge - Died in captivity 17 Aug 1942
- Victor Henry Mead WIA 18 Nov 1941 - 9 Sep 1942
- Thomas Stanley O'Meagher 23 May 1942 - 26 Oct 1945 - WIA x 2
- Walter Vivian Ernest Peters 4 Oct 1941 - 19 Oct 1943 B Company
- Frederick Joseph Powell 5 Nov 1942 - 25 Oct 1943 - WIA x 2
- George Lawrance Pryor ?? - Mar 1942
- John Peter Lewis Rymer 15 Aug 1940 - 23 May 1943 & 9 Nov 1943 - 20 Sep 1944 - WIA Ruin Ridge
- Edward Arthur Sewell 5 May 1942 - 16 Oct 1945
- † David John Sexty 25 Jul 1940 - 3 Aug 1941 - KIA Tobruk
- Douglas Edward Cleave Steer 15 Aug 1940 - 16 Feb 1941 & 21 Jul - 15 Oct 1941
- James Gordon (Jock) Wheeler 1 Jan - 22 Jun 1943
- Norman Rees Willacott MID 19 Jul 1941 - 27 Jul 1942 - POW Ruin Ridge
Battle Honours
- Beaufort
- Borneo
- Busu River
- Defence of Alamein Line
- Defence of Scarlet Beach
- Defence of Tobruk
- El Alamein
- Finschhafen
- Gusika
- Labuan
- Qattara Track
- Sanyet el Miteirya
- Siki Cove
- Tell el Makh Khad
Individual Honours
- 2 x Distinguished Service Order
- 6 x Military Cross
- 4 x Distinguished Conduct Medal
- 15 x Military Medal
- 51 x Mentioned in Despatches
Notes
Content has come from The Unit Guide - Volume 2 - The Australian Army 1939-1945 - pages 2.327 to 2.329 - Graham R McKenzie-Smith - Big Sky Publishing - 2018; and the Australian War Memorial.