Difference between revisions of "Avro Lancaster"
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| image = [[File:Avro_Lancaster_with _Hurricane.jpg]] | | image = [[File:Avro_Lancaster_with _Hurricane.jpg]] | ||
| caption = Battle of Britain Memorial Flight - photo Cpl Phil Major | | caption = Battle of Britain Memorial Flight - photo Cpl Phil Major | ||
| − | | image2 = [[File:617_Squadron_Lancaster.jpg]] | + | | image2 = [[File:617_Squadron_Lancaster.jpg|400px]] |
| caption2 = A 617 Squadron Lancaster dropping a "tall boy" bomb | | caption2 = A 617 Squadron Lancaster dropping a "tall boy" bomb | ||
| aircrafttype = 4 engine monoplane | | aircrafttype = 4 engine monoplane | ||
| − | | aircraftrole = | + | | aircraftrole = Strategic bomber |
| − | | aircraftdesigner = | + | | aircraftdesigner = Roy Chadwick |
| aircraftmanufacturer = Avro | | aircraftmanufacturer = Avro | ||
| − | | aircraftproduced = A.E. Roe (3 locations) plus 5 other companies | + | | aircraftproduced = A.E. Roe (3 locations) plus 5 other companies and Canada (430) |
| aircraftnumberbuilt = 7,377 | | aircraftnumberbuilt = 7,377 | ||
| aircraftprimaryusers = RAF; RCAF; RAAF | | aircraftprimaryusers = RAF; RCAF; RAAF | ||
| Line 16: | Line 16: | ||
==Remarks== | ==Remarks== | ||
| + | In 1936 the RAF first investigated the used of 4 engine aircraft following some success by the US and the USSR. In mid 1937 prototypes based on a design competition were ordered and 200 models produced known as the Manchester which was underpowered and the Vultee engine was unreliable. By mid 1940 an alternative design was developed using a less powerful but more reliable engine, the Rolls Royce Merlin. Further improvements followed and in October 1941 the first production Lancaster made its first flight. An initial order for 1,070 planes followed. | ||
| + | Production continued until February 1946. One interesting use of the Lancaster was a food drop in Holland at a time when the Dutch were starving - 145 Mosquitoes and 3,156 Lancaster aircraft participated. | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | 3,249 Lancasters were lost in action across the 50 Squadrons that flew the plane. At the close of hostilities Lancasters were used to return thousands of POWs from Germany and Poland to the UK. The final Lancaster in RAF service made its last flight in late 1954. | ||
==General characteristics== | ==General characteristics== | ||
| − | *Crew: | + | *Crew: Seven - Pilot, flight engineer, navigator, bomb aimer/nose gunner, wireless operator, mid upper and read gunners. |
| − | *Length: | + | *Length: 21.13 m |
| − | *Wingspan: | + | *Wingspan: 31.09 m |
| − | *Height: | + | *Height: 6.25 m |
| − | *Empty weight: | + | *Empty weight: 16,738 kg |
| − | *Max takeoff weight: | + | *Max takeoff weight: 30,844 kg |
| − | *Powerplant: | + | *Powerplant: 4 x Rolls Royce Merlin XX V112 liquid cooled piston engines. 1,280 hp each |
| − | *Maximum speed: | + | *Maximum speed: 454 km/h at 3,962 m |
| − | *Range: | + | *Range: 4,070 km |
| − | *Service ceiling: | + | *Service ceiling: 6,500 m |
*Armament | *Armament | ||
| − | *Guns: | + | *Guns: 2 x .303 Browning Mk II machine guns each in nose and upper turrets, and 4 of same in rear turret. |
| − | *Bombs: | + | *Bombs: Maximum load of 6,400 kg |
==Crew members== | ==Crew members== | ||
| − | ===61 & 617 Squadron RAF=== | + | ===[[No. 50 Squadron RAF]]=== |
| − | *[[Phillip Herbert Martin DFC & Bar]] | + | *† [[Vernon Harold Minchin]] Navigator 28 Sep 1944 - 29 Oct 1944 KIA |
| + | |||
| + | ===[[No. 61 Squadron RAF]]=== | ||
| + | *[[Phillip Herbert Martin DFC & Bar]] Pilot | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===[[No. 156 Squadron RAF]] (Pathfinders)=== | ||
| + | *† [[Leslie John (Jock) Powell DFC]] Air Gunner 23 Sep 1943 - 16 Dec 1943 KIA | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===[[No. 460 Squadron RAAF]]=== | ||
| + | * † [[Greer Winton Ottaway]] 14 Oct - 21 Nov 1944 - Pilot | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===[[No. 617 Squadron RAF]]=== | ||
| + | *[[Phillip Herbert Martin DFC & Bar]] Pilot | ||
| + | ===[[No. 635 Squadron RAF]]=== | ||
| + | *[[Colin Lindsay Ottaway DFC]] 17 Sep 1944 - ? Jul 1945 - Pilot | ||
[[category:Aircraft]] | [[category:Aircraft]] | ||
Latest revision as of 00:23, 20 June 2022
 Battle of Britain Memorial Flight - photo Cpl Phil Major | |
 A 617 Squadron Lancaster dropping a "tall boy" bomb | |
| History | |
|---|---|
| Type | 4 engine monoplane |
| Role | Strategic bomber |
| Designer | Roy Chadwick |
| Manufacturer | Avro |
| Produced | A.E. Roe (3 locations) plus 5 other companies and Canada (430) |
| Number built | 7,377 |
| Primary users | RAF; RCAF; RAAF |
| In service | February 1942 |
| Out of service | 1962 RCAF |
Contents
Remarks
In 1936 the RAF first investigated the used of 4 engine aircraft following some success by the US and the USSR. In mid 1937 prototypes based on a design competition were ordered and 200 models produced known as the Manchester which was underpowered and the Vultee engine was unreliable. By mid 1940 an alternative design was developed using a less powerful but more reliable engine, the Rolls Royce Merlin. Further improvements followed and in October 1941 the first production Lancaster made its first flight. An initial order for 1,070 planes followed.
Production continued until February 1946. One interesting use of the Lancaster was a food drop in Holland at a time when the Dutch were starving - 145 Mosquitoes and 3,156 Lancaster aircraft participated.
3,249 Lancasters were lost in action across the 50 Squadrons that flew the plane. At the close of hostilities Lancasters were used to return thousands of POWs from Germany and Poland to the UK. The final Lancaster in RAF service made its last flight in late 1954.
General characteristics
- Crew: Seven - Pilot, flight engineer, navigator, bomb aimer/nose gunner, wireless operator, mid upper and read gunners.
- Length: 21.13 m
- Wingspan: 31.09 m
- Height: 6.25 m
- Empty weight: 16,738 kg
- Max takeoff weight: 30,844 kg
- Powerplant: 4 x Rolls Royce Merlin XX V112 liquid cooled piston engines. 1,280 hp each
- Maximum speed: 454 km/h at 3,962 m
- Range: 4,070 km
- Service ceiling: 6,500 m
- Armament
- Guns: 2 x .303 Browning Mk II machine guns each in nose and upper turrets, and 4 of same in rear turret.
- Bombs: Maximum load of 6,400 kg
Crew members
No. 50 Squadron RAF
- † Vernon Harold Minchin Navigator 28 Sep 1944 - 29 Oct 1944 KIA
No. 61 Squadron RAF
No. 156 Squadron RAF (Pathfinders)
- † Leslie John (Jock) Powell DFC Air Gunner 23 Sep 1943 - 16 Dec 1943 KIA
No. 460 Squadron RAAF
- † Greer Winton Ottaway 14 Oct - 21 Nov 1944 - Pilot
No. 617 Squadron RAF
No. 635 Squadron RAF
- Colin Lindsay Ottaway DFC 17 Sep 1944 - ? Jul 1945 - Pilot